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Radiation works by damaging the genes (DNA) in cells. Genes control how cells grow and divide. When radiation damages the genes of cancer cells, they can't grow and divide any more. Over time, the cells die.
What are the 3 ways radiation can affect a cell?
How does ionizing radiation affect cells?
- The radiation could pass through the cell without damaging the DNA.
- The radiation could damage the cell's DNA, but the DNA repairs itself.
- The radiation could prevent the DNA from replicating correctly.
- The radiation could damage the DNA so badly that the cell dies.
Jan 28, 2020
Can radiation damage living cells?
There are two main ways radiation can damage DNA inside living cells. Radiation can strike the DNA molecule directly, ionizing and damaging it. Alternately, radiation can ionize water molecules, producing free radicals that react with and damage DNA molecules.
Does radiation damage all cells?
High doses tend to kill cells, while low doses tend to damage or change them. High doses can kill so many cells that tissues and organs are damaged. This in turn may cause a rapid whole body response often called the Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS).
How does radiation cause damage?
Ionizing radiation can affect the atoms in living things, so it poses a health risk by damaging tissue and DNA in genes. has sufficient energy to affect the atoms in living cells and thereby damage their genetic material (DNA). Fortunately, the cells in our bodies are extremely efficient at repairing this damage.
Does radiation destroy DNA?
Radiation damages the genetic material (DNA) causing single strand breaks (SSB) or double strand breaks (DSB) in the cells, thus blocking their ability to divide and proliferate further.
How does radiation damage tissue?
The source of such radiation is usually either nuclear (e.g. radioactive material) or cosmic rays. When charged particles travel through tissue they damage tissue by stripping electrons from atoms and molecules, thus destroying their ability to function.
What does radiation feel like?
Early and late effects of radiation therapy The most common early side effects are fatigue (feeling tired) and skin changes. Other early side effects usually are related to the area being treated, such as hair loss and mouth problems when radiation treatment is given to this area.
What types of cells are most sensitive to radiation damage?
Cells in late G2 and mitosis (M-phase) are the most sensitive to radiation, and cells in late synthesis (S-phase) are the most resistant (Fig. 23.10).
What radiation does to the body?
Initial symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache and diarrhoea. These symptoms can start within minutes or days after the exposure. People who have been exposed to high doses can also have skin damage ranging from itching to burns, blisters and ulcers. They may also have temporary hair loss.
