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What are beta particles? Beta particles (β) are high energy, high speed electrons (β–) or positrons (β+) that are ejected from the nucleus by some radionuclides during a form of radioactive decay called beta-decay. Beta-decay normally occurs in nuclei that have too many neutrons to achieve stability.
What are beta particles made of?
Beta decay A beta particle forms when a neutron changes into a proton and a high-energy electron . The proton stays in the nucleus but the electron leaves the atom as a beta particle.
What charge does beta particle have?
negatively charged electrons Beta particles are negatively charged electrons emitted by the nucleus on decay (splitting of a neutron).
What are characteristics of beta particles?
Beta particles are energetic electrons. They are relatively light and carry a single negative charge. Their mass is equal to the mass of the orbital electrons with which they are interacting. A much larger fraction of its kinetic energy can be lost in a single interaction than the alpha particle.
Which radioisotope is a beta emitter?
Pure Beta Emitters
| isotope | half-life (years) | comments |
|---|---|---|
| ni-66 | 0.0063 | decays to Cu-66, a pure beta emitter with a 29 s half-life |
| y-90 | 0.007 | |
| bi-210 | 0.014 | decays to Po-210, an alpha emitter with a 138 d half-life; also has a small alpha decay channel with an abundance of 0.00013% |
| er-169 | 0.0258 | has multiple beta decay pathways |
What are alpha and beta particles?
An alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons bound together. Beta particles are high energy electrons. Gamma rays are waves of electromagnetic energy, or photons.
How do you identify beta particles?
For detection of beta particles, organic scintillators can be used. Pure organic crystals include crystals of anthracene, stilbene and naphthalene. The decay time of this type of phosphor is approximately 10 nanoseconds. This type of crystal is frequently used in the detection of beta particles.
What elements are beta emitters?
Typical beta emitters include strontium 90, technetium 99, caesium-137, carbon-14, sulfur-35, and tritium. Beta has more penetrating power than alpha radiation but would still struggle to get through our clothes. It does though have sufficient energy to enter our skin but not enough to pass through it.
Why is tritium a beta emitter?
A low-energy beta electron As the decay directly produces a ground state helium nucleus, there is no excited state and hence no gamma emission. Tritium is a beta-emitting radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
What composed an alpha particle?
Alpha particles (a) are composite particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons tightly bound together (Figure 1).
