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Absorption. When matter captures or absorbs photons, the amount of energy within the object increases. The radiation energy gets converted into other types of energy, such as heat or, during photosynthesis, chemical energy.
How does radiation interact with matter?
If very energetic radiation interacts with matter, it causes a large number of processes involving energy transfer to other particles and the development of other particle forms, which in turn also interact with matter. This can lead to an electron positron pair that can produce braking X-rays, etc.
Does radiation destroy matter?
Ionizing radiation is relatively high in energy, and when it collides with an atom, it can completely remove an electron to form a positively charged ion that can damage biological tissues. Alpha particles do not penetrate very far into matter, whereas γ rays penetrate more deeply.
What does radiation do to molecules?
Radiation-induced ionizations may act directly on the cellular component molecules or indirectly on water molecules, causing water-derived radicals. Radicals react with nearby molecules in a very short time, resulting in breakage of chemical bonds or oxidation (addition of oxygen atoms) of the affected molecules.
What are the three ways in which electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter?
These are: absorption (A); transmission (T); and reflection (R). The total incident energy will interact with the surface in one or more of these three ways.
What are the 5 interactions with matter?
Five main interactions can cause attenuation of photons: (1) coherent scattering, (2) photoelectric effect, (3) Compton scattering, (4) pair producion, and (5) photodisintegration.
Why radiation has such a harmful effect on living matter?
Ionizing radiation can affect the atoms in living things, so it poses a health risk by damaging tissue and DNA in genes. has sufficient energy to affect the atoms in living cells and thereby damage their genetic material (DNA). Fortunately, the cells in our bodies are extremely efficient at repairing this damage.
How does radiation destroy?
Radiation works by damaging the genes (DNA) in cells. Genes control how cells grow and divide. When radiation damages the genes of cancer cells, they can't grow and divide any more. Over time, the cells die.
How does radiation destroy a cell?
Radiation works by damaging the genes (DNA) in cells. Genes control how cells grow and divide. When radiation damages the genes of cancer cells, they can't grow and divide any more. Over time, the cells die.
How does radiation cause mutations in DNA?
Ionizing radiation directly affects DNA structure by inducing DNA breaks, particularly, DSBs. Secondary effects are the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidize proteins and lipids, and also induce several damages to DNA, like generation of abasic sites and single strand breaks (SSB).
