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DNA double-strand breaks constitute the most dangerous type of DNA damage induced by ionising radiation (IR). Accordingly, the resistance of cells to IR is modulated by three intimately related cellular processes: DNA repair, recombination, and replication.Mar 16, 2004
What type of radiation can damage DNA?
Ionizing radiation is a type of high-energy radiation that is able to release electrons from atoms and molecules generating ions which can break covalent bonds. Ionizing radiation directly affects DNA structure by inducing DNA breaks, particularly, DSBs.
What causes the most damage to DNA?
DNA damage occurs continuously as a result of various factors—intracellular metabolism, replication, and exposure to genotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. If left unrepaired, this damage could result in changes or mutations within the cell genomic material.
Which radiation has highest biological damage?
Name the radiation which is responsible for the maximum biological damage. Gamma rays. This is because Gamma rays have immense penetrating power. So it can penetrate the inner cells of the body, ionize the cells.
Which type of radiation can cause irreparable damage to DNA?
Since the interest for clustered/complex DNA damage emerged from radiation biology, the most common damaging cause is radiation, and usually IR.
How does gamma radiation damage DNA?
Gamma radiation is well recognized as a potent carcinogen due to its potential of oxidative damage (Toule, 1987; Morgan et al., 1996). It causes a variety of lesions in DNA including single- and double-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links, oxidized bases and abasic sites (Cadet et al., 1999; UNSCEAR, 2000a).
What are the 2 major ways radiation damages DNA?
There are two main ways radiation can damage DNA inside living cells. Radiation can strike the DNA molecule directly, ionizing and damaging it. Alternately, radiation can ionize water molecules, producing free radicals that react with and damage DNA molecules.
How does UV radiation damage DNA?
Ultraviolet (UV) light kills cells by damaging their DNA. The light initiates a reaction between two molecules of thymine, one of the bases that make up DNA.
Which of the following can damage DNA?
DNA bases can be damaged by: (1) oxidative processes, (2) alkylation of bases, (3) base loss caused by the hydrolysis of bases, (4) bulky adduct formation, (5) DNA crosslinking, and (6) DNA strand breaks, including single and double stranded breaks. An overview of these types of damage are described below.
Does radiation destroy DNA?
Radiation damages the genetic material (DNA) causing single strand breaks (SSB) or double strand breaks (DSB) in the cells, thus blocking their ability to divide and proliferate further.
